War Photos from Okinawa 1

My father, Lt. R. T. Kowallis, as I have mentioned in earlier blogs, was leader of a small group of U.S. Army soldiers who produced and analyzed photos in the Pacific Theater, notably during and after the invasion of Okinawa. Among my father's photos from his time on Okinawa in 1945 was a book of photos, some with captions, that was likely produced for the Army. I will be posting these photos from the book over the next months to preserve them. Perhaps someone will recognize a family member in one of the photos. I would be interested to hear from you if you do.

You can read more about the Battle of Okinawa on Wikipedia, PBS.org, and History.com.
Other good sites for information on the Battle of Okinawa during 1945 include:

• The Hawai'i Nisei Story site
• History.net's site
• MilitaryHistory.com's site
• US Army Center for Military History site

And for post-war Okinawa, this is a very good site with lots of pictures from 1945 through 1972: Remembering Okinawa

Note: Be sure to visit my other blogs on Okinawa in 1945: 

• People of Okinawa 
• Casualties of war 
• Capture of a Japanese soldier 
• LDS servicemen and women in Okinawa 
• The Unknown Soldiers -- Okinawa 1945
• More faces from Okinawa 
• 10th Army Photo Interpretation Group 
• Surrender Day on Okinawa 
• Young Faces in Okinawa 1945
• Older Faces in Okinawa 1945 
• Shuri Castle
• War Photos from Okinawa 1 
• War Photos from Okinawa 2
• War Photos from Okinawa 3
• War Photos from Okinawa 4

James H. Wallick, the Bandit and Cattle King – An Owner of Hollyrood Farm (Part 5)

James Henry Wallick & his wife Mary (McInnis) Wallick  

(Owners of Hollyrood Farm for 7+ Years, 1888-1895, 1897, 1903)

Continued from PART 4

Photo of manor house on Hollyrood farm taken by the author in 2015.

 THE LAST YEARS
In 1902 and in 1903, James H. Wallick, in addition to managing Eleanor Merron’s plays tried to revive his most successful play, The Bandit King [119], but the revival was a short one and audiences were apparently tiring of the genre. In the years after Mary Wallick’s death, James boarded in Middletown with Eleanor and Archie Cowper, who had moved there after Archie became blind in 1896. [120] James briefly owned Hollyrood Farm again when he purchased it from Moses Crow’s widow, Elizabeth in 1903. [121] He sold the farm to his attorney,  William B. Royce in 1905. [122] Archie died in 1906 and following his death James purchased a large home in Middletown––a fine house called the Thistles––where he and Eleanor resided until the property was lost due to mortgage foreclosure. [123] At that point, both he and Eleanor took rooms at the King Edward Hotel in New York City.

Was there more than just friendship between James and Eleanor? There are no reports of any impropriety or any intimacy between them, but for several years they were almost inseparable. James, born in 1843, was fifteen years older than Eleanor, who was born in 1858 [124], both still young enough after the death of their spouses to have had a romantic relationship. Still, it may be that they just found in each other a “kindred spirit,” someone who had experienced the exhilaration of audiences enthralled by their performances, as well as the melancholy brought on by harsh reviews and rejection of new ideas. Whatever it was that brought them together, the combination turned out to be deadly.

It was while they were both living at the King Edward Hotel in New York City that they discussed their failing fortunes (both in terms of money and success) and James failing health. They had both lost long-term companions, something that must have weighed on them deeply. There were no more hit plays on the horizon and for both of these individuals, life seemed to have lost any meaning. James and Eleanor spoke often about suicide during this time and, in April 1908, agreed that it was time to carry out their plans. [125] They were to both take their lives on the first of May at the same time and in the same manner, but in different locations to avoid any unpleasant notoriety. [126] James left New York City and went to Middletown where he took a room in the Commercial Hotel and carried out his part of the agreement on the first of May. [127] But Eleanor delayed. She wanted to make sure James was properly taken care of. He was buried in Middletown in the Hillside Cemetery and the only service performed at his burial was by Eleanor, who read some poetry. [128] The details of what happened in the months following and of Eleanor’s own suicide in November of the same year were reported in hundreds of newspaper articles published across the country. The Ocala Evening Star, for example, reported it as follows:




Middletown, N.Y., Dec. 4––Details of a suicide agreement that existed between Mrs. Eleanor Merron Cowper, the playwright and actress who shot herself at the Hotel St. Regis in New York on Friday and died Monday in the Presbyterian hospital, and James H. Wallick, the actor-manager, who shot and killed himself at the Commercial hotel in Middletown on May 1, became known today through the publication of letters which Mrs. Cowper wrote just before her death.
From Mrs. Cowper’s statements in various letters which are in the hands of her attorney, Special County Judge H. B. Royce of Middletown, it is evident that Mrs. Cowper and Mr. Wallick as long as a year ago contemplated suicide and that both decided to die in the same manner. In one letter Mrs. Cowper says that she and James H. Wallick had often talked over the matter of taking their lives and had agreed that each would do so. While no definite time was set it was agreed that should they come to feel that the world had no further attractions for them they would leave it at the same time and in the same manner.

The Commercial House (Hotel) in Middletown, New York about 1900 where James H. Wallick committed suicide. Photo courtesy of the Thrall Library, Middletown, New York.

In April last, while Mrs. Cowper and Mr. Wallick were staying at the King Edward hotel in New York, Mr. Wallick broached the subject of suicide again. His fortune gone and suffering from illness, he made up his mind that life had nothing for him. Mrs. Cowper’s financial affairs were also in bad shape, and while she had enough to live on she felt that with the death of Mr. Wallick, her closest friend, she could find no pleasure in life.

The suicide agreement was made and they were to take their lives on May 1, 1908. In order to avoid unpleasant notoriety, it was decided that Mr. Wallick should come to Middletown to do the deed and that Mrs. Cowper should remove from the King Edward hotel to the St. Regis and there take her life.
In the last week of April Mr. Wallick bade Mrs. Cowper farewell at the King Edward hotel and came to Middletown. He shot himself in the right temple in a bathroom in the Commercial hotel in this city on the morning of May 1. Instead of taking her life at the same time as agreed, Mrs. Cowper remained at the King Edward and awaited the news of Mr. Wallick’s suicide, deciding that she should personally attend to all the details of his burial and later take her own life. She was deeply affected when she received the expected word that Mr. Wallick had carried out his part of the compact. Then Mrs. Cowper proceeded to put her affairs in shape for her death. She postponed carrying out her part of the agreement from time to time, however, not from reluctance of fear, but because she could not arrange a time for the act that would not interfere in some way with some one’s plans. In particular she did not wish to interfere with any plans her attorney, Judge H. B. Royce, had made, as she wished hem to look after her affairs and burial.

The St. Regis Hotel in New York City in 1908, the year that Eleanor Merron took a room there and committed suicide. Photo courtesy of the U.S. Library of Congress.

 
She continued to postpone the event but made up her mind fully to do the deed on the day after election. Then she learned that Judge Royce was contemplating a pleasure trip at that time and again she postponed taking her life.

In one of the letters she left she said that she had not had any big time since July but that she “celebrated the day after election as every good patriot ought. I have no grudge against the world and I intend to go in good health and spirits.”

In the letter in which Mrs. Cowper gave directions for her cremation she stated definitely the sums that should be paid for her cremation and burial as follows: Hearse, $11, coach, $7, ferriage, $1.20, cremation, $25, porters, $8, casket, $75, attendants, $6. Total, $132.20.

The last letter which Mrs. Cowper wrote just before she shot herself and which she sent to Judge Royce by special delivery, is one of the most remarkable ever left by a suicide. In it she talks cheerfully of her death and avows her belief that there is no future world. [129]

 BRIEF GENEALOGICAL SUMMARY –– WHEELER (WALLICK) FAMILY

JACOB WHEELER (possibly the father) was born about 1818 in New York and was unemployed at the time of the 1850 U.S. Census. [130] Jacob appears to have either died or deserted his family by 1860. The mother was SUSAN (perhaps ELLSWORTH or WHEELER). Susan was born about 1817/1820 in New York and died on 5 November 1898 at Rondout, Ulster County, New York; she was buried in Hillside Cemetery, Middletown, Orange County, New York. [131] Her gravestone lists her name as Susan Wheeler Ellsworth. [132] Susan was working as a domestic servant in the Jeremiah Ten Broeck household of Saugerties, Ulster County, New York in 1870. [133]
Jacob (perhaps) and Susan had the following children:

    i.    Henry Wheeler (a.k.a., Patrick J. Fubbins or James Henry Wallick) was born 26 June 1844 in Hurley, Ulster County, New York. [134] James was married on 22 August 1867 in Knox County, Illinois to Mary McInnes (or McGinnis or McKenzie), who was born 6 May 1846 perhaps in Galesburg, Knox County, Illinois and died on 4 April 1898 in Middletown, Orange County, New York. [135]
        There are no known children for this couple, although one newspaper report suggested that they had adopted Mary’s niece, Eleanor Merron. [136] This seems to be incorrect. No connection between Mary and Eleanor has been found and other newspaper accounts indicate that Eleanor and her husband Archie Cowper became acquainted with James and Mary Wallick in about 1897 when Eleanor began acting in Wallick’s plays. [137]
        Another newspaper account suggests that James and Mary Wallick adopted his niece, Violet Barney, who married Mr. Williams; Violet supposedly lived with the Wallicks in Middletown or on Hollyrood farm and attended the Ursuline Academy. [138] I have been unable to verify this report.

    ii.    Matilda Wheeler was born about 1847 probably in Hurley, Ulster County, New York. [139] She was working as a domestic servant for the Solomon and Sarah Crispell family in Hurley in 1865 and for George and Sarah Wynkoop, also in Hurley, in 1870. [140] Interestingly, the Wynkoop household is listed right after the John Elmendorf family. It was the Elmendorfs who took in her brother as a young boy. In 1880, Matilda was employed as a cook in the Mahaleth Floyd household in Shandaken, Ulster County, New York. [141] Matilda apparently married a Mr. Delemater, but I have been unable to find her with him in any records. [142] She died on 6 November 1899 and was buried with her mother in the Hillside Cemetery, Middletown, Orange County, New York. [143]

NOTES and REFERENCES
119. The York Daily, York, Pennsylvania, Friday, 26 September 1902, p. 1; The Boston Post, Boston, Massachusetts, Tuesday, 26 May 1903.
120. New York Times, New York City, Saturday, 28 November 1908, p. 16; Archie was blind by 1896 (see The Detroit Free Press, Detroit, Michigan, Sunday, 19 July 1896, p. 15; The Detroit Free Press, Detroit, Michigan, Wednesday, 27 December 1899, p. 4).
121. Orange Co. Deeds, Book 465, page 580-582 (deeds index accessed online at FamilySearch.org).
122. Orange Co. Deeds, Book 479, page 300 (deeds index accessed online at FamilySearch.org).
123. The house where the Wallicks and Cowpers stayed was probably “The Thistles” a house that was located at the corner of Wawayanda and Willow Avenues in Middletown, NY. The house was later the residence of the Countess Olaeta and was then sold in 1917 to the Carmelite Fathers as a residence and school for boys. See the article on this in the Middletown Times Press, Middletown, New York, Saturday, 28 July 1917, p. 1.
124. 1850 U.S. census, Hurley, Ulster Co., N.Y., p. 479 (written) and 240 (stamped), household 217, family 226; The Boston Journal, Saturday, 28 November 1908, p. 1.
125. See for example, The Boston Post, Boston, Massachusetts, Wednesday, 2 December 1908, p. 1; The Ocala Evening Star, Ocala, Florida, Saturday, 5 December 1908, p. 1. There are hundreds of newspaper accounts of the suicides of James H. Wallick and Eleanor Merron Cowper.
126. The Ocala Evening Star, Ocala, Florida, Saturday, 5 December 1908, p. 1.
127. The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Brooklyn, New York, Friday, 1 May 1908, p. 1; New York Times, New York City, Saturday, 2 May 1908, p. 9.
128. The Trenton Evening Times, Trenton, New Jersey, Wednesday, 2 December 1908, p. 1 & 3.
129. The Ocala Evening Star, Ocala, Florida, Saturday, 5 December 1908, p. 1.
130. 1850 US census, Hurley, Ulster Co., N.Y., p. 479 (written) and 240 (stamped), household 217, family 226.
131. Gravestone in Hillside Cemetery, Middletown, Orange Co., New York; Daily Argus, Middletown, Orange Co., N.Y., Tuesday, 8 November 1898, p. 5.
132. If Wheeler was her maiden name, then the Jacob Wheeler she was with in 1850 would likely be a brother, not her husband and both of her children listed here would have probably been born out of wedlock. The name Ellsworth might then have been the name of a later husband. However, in 1850 she and Jacob were living in the household of James Ellsworth. It seems more probably that Susan and James were brother and sister and Jacob Wheeler was her husband since her children had the surname of Wheeler.
133. 1870 US census, Saugerties, Ulster Co., N.Y., p. 107 (written) and 244 (stamped), household 674, family 836.
134. Gravestone in Hillside Cemetery, Middletown, Orange Co., New York; 1850 U.S. census, Hurley, Ulster Co., N.Y., p. 479 (written) and 240 (stamped), household 217, family 226; 1855 New York State census, ED 2, Hurley, Ulster Co., dwelling 14.
135. Gravestone in Hillside Cemetery, Middletown, Orange Co., New York; Middletown Daily Press, Middletown, New York, Tuesday, 23 August 1892; Middletown Daily Argus, Middletown, New York, Monday, 4 April 1898, p. 5 and Wednesday, 6 April 1898, p. 5; “Illinois, County Marriages, 1810-1934”, database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/KFL8-TNQ : accessed 9 December 2015), James H Wallack and Mary Mckenzie, 1867.
136. The New York Sun, New York City, Saturday, 2 May 1908, p. 5.
137. The New York Dramatic Mirror, New York City, Saturday, 25 November 1899, p. 2.
138. The Tri-States Union, Port Jervis, New York, Thursday, 7 May 1908, p. 1.
139. 1850 U.S. census, Hurley, Ulster Co., N.Y., p. 479 (written) and 240 (stamped), household 217, family 226.
140. 1865 New York State census, Hurley, Ulster Co., p. 67, family 443; 1870 U.S. census, Hurley, Ulster Co., N.Y., p. 24, household 197, family 192.
141. 1880 U.S. census, Shandaken, Ulster Co., N.Y., e.d. 151, p. 7, sheet 180C, dwelling 66, family 72.
142. She is listed on the same gravestone with her mother where her name is given as Matilda Delemater.
143. Gravestone in Hillside Cemetery, Middletown, Orange Co., New York; The Kingston Daily Freeman, Kingston, Ulster Co., New York, Tuesday, 27 February 1923, p. 11.

James H. Wallick, the Bandit and Cattle King – An Owner of Hollyrood Farm (Part 4)

James Henry Wallick & his wife Mary (McInnis) Wallick  

(Owners of Hollyrood Farm for 7+ Years, 1888-1895, 1897, 1903)

Continued from PART 3

Eleanor Merron Cowper, friend of James H. Wallick, with whom he later made a suicide pact. Photo and article from The Chicago Tribune, Saturday, 28 November 1908, page 2.

 ELEANOR MERRON––ACTRESS, WRITER, AND FRIEND
Even with all of their financial troubles, James and Mary seemed to be making their way and were considered to be quite successful. An article in Brooklyn Life in 1898 still listed James Wallick as one of the wealthiest actors with a fortune worth over $100,000. In the middle of this success, however, three events occurred in 1898 and 1899 that may have caused James H. Wallick to begin questioning the purpose of life. First, in late March his beloved wife, Mary––his companion, fellow performer, and financial advisor––became seriously ill and for several days lay in the Oriental Hotel in Middletown, New York in a semi conscious state; she passed away at the age of 50 years on the 4th of April. Mrs. Wallick was well-liked in the Middletown area where they lived after selling Hollyrood farm when they were not on the road with the acting company. She was described as “warm-hearted, generous..., and [someone who] did many acts of kindness and charity.” Later that same year, on the 5th or 6th of November, James’s mother, Susan Ellsworth of Rondout, Ulster County, New York, died and was brought to Middletown to be buried near his wife. Finally, a year later on November 9, 1899 his sister, and last surviving member of his immediate family passed away.

With no children of their own––with the possible exception of an adopted niece, Violet (Barney) Williams, who was married and living in Washington, D.C.––James was left with only two close friends, Archie and Eleanor (Merron) Cowper, both of whom were actors. James was particularly close to Eleanor, who acted in some of his plays and with whom he collaborated, producing her successful play, The Dairy Farm, and less successful play, Her Wedding Day. The collaboration may have begun in earnest, when James showed her he script of a play he was considering. Eleanor commented that she could certainly write a better one. James encouraged her to do so and the result was her play, The Dairy Farm. James managed the production and both he and Eleanor acted in the play. The play opened in September 1899 and was quite well liked by the critics and drew fairly good audiences over the next few years. For example, the Washington, D.C. Evening Times, said of the play that “The Dairy Farm last night [at the Columbia theater] presented one of the very best pieces of its class that has come to Washington this year and the excellent production won the hearty commendation of a large gathering,” while the Hazleton, Pennsylvania Plain Speaker stated that “Miss Eleanor Merron, the author of The Dairy Farm, has received over seven hundred letters from all the prominent clergymen in New York commending its merit as inspiring worthy ideas and affording much innocent amusement.” By October of 1901 the play had already been performed 109 times in New York City, 137 times in Philadelphia, and 133 times in Chicago.

Poster for the Dairy Farm a play by Eleanor Merron with James H. Wallick as manager. Both James and Eleanor also acted in the play. Reproduction of the poster courtesy of the U.S. Library of Congress.

Eleanor was born in New Gloucester, Maine in 1858 as Dora Ellen Merrow to John Merrow and Elizabeth Ellen Knight. When she made the decision to become and actress, she took on the stage name of Eleanor Merron and also seems to have distanced herself from her family. She later added her own details to her youth and birth. In her version, she was born in England in 1867 to American parents who returned to the United States when she was 3 months old where she was raised in Gorham, Maine. Her Maine birth record, however, shows that she was born in 1858 in New Gloucester, about 25 miles from Gorham, not in England. Both the 1860 and 1870 U.S. Censuses confirm her birth in Maine and show the family still living in New Gloucester, not Gorham.

Advertisement with the cast for a play titled La Tosca by Victorien Sardou later adapted as an opera by Giacomo Puccini. The performances were at the Broadway Theater in New York City. This notice was published in The Theatre, an illustrated magazine of drama, music, and art (22 March 1888, v. IV, no. 8, p. 156, courtesy of Google Books).

Eleanor states that she left home and began acting with the Boston Theater Company when she was 14 years old (about 1872 if we use her correct birthdate) in a play called The Hidden Hand. Her career may have received a boost in 1888 and 1889 when, according to her own account, she was mentored by the famous actress Fanny Davenport when they performed together for two seasons in Sardou’s play La Tosca. Many other plays came and went over the years, including All The Comforts of Home, The Lights o’ London, The Private Secretary, and Gloriana. The first newspaper report of an appearance of Eleanor on stage that I have been able to find was published in September of 1882 when she would have been about 24 years old. That month, a new popular play by Paul Merritt and Augustus Harris from London, called Youth, opened in Boston with Eleanor Merron in the role of Alice Wenlock, one of the minor characters. Sometime around 1883, Eleanor met an actor by the name of Archibald “Archie” Cowper. Archie was part of an acting family which included his father, John C. Cowper,  a brother, Will C. Cowper,  a sister, Clara Cowper, and Archie himself. It was perhaps during 1884, while they were both acting in a play called The Lights o’ London, that they fell in love and decided to marry. The ceremony took place in Manhattan on 2 July 1885. Even with a busy acting career, Eleanor found time during this stage of her life to write a novel, As the Wind Blows, first published in 1895. The book received mixed reviews, with some finding it a nice moral story and others complaining that it showed all the marks of a novice writer.

Eleanor was described in contemporary reports as bright and clever, an interesting talker, plump with golden-hair, and “a stunning looking woman with a pair of blue eyes full of tenderness and sympathy and a keen sense of a jolly situation”; she was also considered a fine actress and writer. In recalling her early days of working with James H. Wallick she recounted the following in an interview in 1902:

I think the greatest strain I was ever in for mental and financial resources was about four seasons ago when I was about to appear in a new production under James H. Wallick’s management. Mr. Wallick had asked me to buy some things for the stage. I started out just after breakfast to select draperies, table covers, etc., and have them sent to the theater that evening before the performance, so that we could see the effect by electric light. They were to be paid for upon delivery. I could not find what I wanted at a reasonable price, so I decided to purchase the goods and make the articles myself. Then I remembered that I had not enough money to pay for them. I got into a cab, took the things along with me accompanied by a young man with the bill. I thought as it was only a matter of $50 they would certainly pay that at the hotel and charge it to me, but the manager did not appear to be used to such things. I explained and offered my ring for security. He said, “If you will bring me an order from Mr. Wallick, I will pay it.” “Good Lord man,” I interrupted, “if I could see Mr. Wallick I would not need to ask you.” So I drove over to the hotel where Mr. Wallick was staying, but he was not in. I swore a great big swear that those curtains should play in a star engagement that night. On my travels I had noticed a loan office. I had with me only two rings and a gold locket, but I dashed in and said, “I must have $50.” The man looked so astonished that I had to laugh in my excitement. I explained that I had lost my money and he gave me the cash. I had only four hours to cut, decorate and line the things, but I finished and was at the theater at a quarter before seven. When everything was arranged I felt thoroughly repaid and the effect delighted Mr. Wallick. The next day I confessed. Mr. Wallick looked stern. “In heaven’s name,” he said, “why did you do a thing like that?” I said in my chilliest manner, “I am very sorry to have offended you. I promised you to have the things for the scene in time and I thought I had redeemed my promise as few women would. Kindly take the money out of my salary, give me the things and consider the incident closed.” But I was wrong. I had made a big hit with Mr. Wallick. He was amazed and very much pleased.

In 1891, an actor friend of Archie and Eleanor’s, Henry Aveling, committed suicide. The night before, Aveling had met Cowper and told him he was going to end his life, but Archie did not believe him, even though he accompanied Aveling to the drug store to discuss the use of cyanide with the clerk. Apparently, Aveling had attempted suicide or stated his intent to attempt it a number of times before until it had become somewhat of a joke among his friends. This time it was not a joke. Again in 1894 a friend of the Cowpers, actress May Brookyn used carbolic acid to commit suicide. Did the suicides of these friends later play into Eleanor’s own decision to take her life? If nothing else, they may have planted a seed of an idea that later bloomed into reality.

Continued in PART 5

NOTES and REFERENCES
91. Brooklyn Life, Brooklyn, New York, Saturday, 30 April 1898, p. 32.
92. The Daily Argus, Middletown, New York, Monday, 28 March 1898, p. 5 and Monday, 4 April 1898, p. 5.
93. The Daily Argus, Middletown, New York, Monday, 4 April 1898, p. 5.
94. Gravestone in Hillside Cemetery, Middletown, Orange Co., New York; The Daily Argus, Middletown, New York, Tuesday, 8 November 1898, p. 5.
95. Gravestone in Hillside Cemetery, Middletown, Orange Co., New York.
96. The New York Dramatic Mirror, New York City, Saturday, 25 November 1899, p. 2.
97. The Washington Post, Washington, D.C., Tuesday, 5 September 1905, p. 26.
98. The Chicago Daily Tribune, Chicago, Illinois, Monday, 14 May 1900.
99. The Scranton Republican, Scranton, Pennsylvania, Thursday, 7 September 1899, p. 3; The Times, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Tuesday Morning, 19 September 1899, p. 2; The Democrat & Chronicle, Rochester, NY, Sunday, 1 October 1899, p. 14; The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Brooklyn, New York, Tuesday, 9 January 1900, p. 9; The Boston Herald, Boston, Massachusetts, Tuesday, 18 September 1900, p. 9; The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Brooklyn, New York, Tuesday, 9 October 1900, p. 5; The Morning Herald, Lexington, Kentucky, Wednesday, 13 February 1901, p. 2; The Cleveland Leader, Cleveland, Ohio, Sunday, 16 February 1902, p. 28; The Reading Times, Reading, Pennsylvania, Tuesday, 11 September 1906, p. 8.
100. The Plain Speaker, Hazleton, Pennsylvania, Friday, 20 April 1900, p. 4.
101. The Wilkes-Barre Times, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, Monday, 14 October 1901, p. 5.
102. “Maine Births and Christenings, 1739-1900,” database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/FW19-8ZZ : accessed 23 February 2016), Dora Ellen Merrow, 31 Oct 1858; citing ; FHL microfilm 11,587. Several newspaper articles use the name Merrow, rather than Merron when reporting on Eleanor. See for example, The Courier, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, Sunday, 29 November 1908, p. 1, The Reno Gazette-Journal, Reno, Nevada, Wednesday, 2 December 1908, p. 2, or The Boston Post, Boston, Massachusetts, Saturday, 17 September 1892, p. 5.
103. The North American, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Monday, 25 September 1899, p. 9.
104. “Maine Births and Christenings, 1739-1900,” database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/FW19-8ZZ : accessed 23 February 2016), Dora Ellen Merrow, 31 Oct 1858; citing ; FHL microfilm 11,587.
105. 1860 US census, New Gloucester, Cumberland, Maine, p. 34 and 35, dwelling 267, family 288; 1870 US census, New Gloucester, Cumberland, Maine, p. 5 and 6, dwelling 42, family 33.
106. The North American, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Monday, 25 September 1899, p. 9; New York Dramatic Mirror, New York City, Saturday, 25 November 1899, p. 2.
107. See the included advertisement and playbill for La Tosca from 1888 and 1889 performances of Eleanor with Fanny Davenport, as well as her own account of this time reported in The North American, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Monday, 25 September 1899, p. 9 and in the New York Dramatic Mirror, New York City, Saturday, 25 November 1899, p. 2.
108. Most of this information comes from her own account published in the New York Dramatic Mirror, New York City, Saturday, 25 November 1899, p. 2; also The Boston Sunday Post, Boston, Massachusetts, Sunday, 27 May 1894, p. 11.
109. Boston Evening Transcript, Boston, Massachusetts, Wednesday, 20 September 1882, p. 4; The Boston Herald, Boston, Massachusetts, Sunday, 12 November 1882, p. 5; Eleanor may have played other parts in plays for the Boston Theater Company that year as she was listed as one of the members of the company (see The History of Boston Theater, 1854-1901 by Eugene Tompkins, Houghton-Mifflin Co., Boston and New York, 1908, p. 295.
110. The Boston Daily Globe, Boston, Massachusetts, Thursday Morning, 21 December 1876, p. 8; The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Brooklyn, New York, Sunday, 15 October 1893, p. 7; Portland Daily Press, Portland, Maine, Wednesday, 3 January 1877, p. 3; The Detroit Free Press, Detroit, Michigan, Sunday, 19 July 1896, p. 15.
111. The Democrat and Chronicle, Rochester, New York, Sunday, 20 January 1884, p. 4; The Buffalo Courier, Buffalo, New York, Tuesday Morning, 15 January 1884.
112. “New York, New York City Marriage Records, 1829-1940,” database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:24SN-42X : accessed 16 February 2016), Archibald Cowper and Dora Me...Ron, 02 Jul 1885; citing Marriage, Manhattan, New York, New York, United States, New York City Municipal Archives, New York; FHL microfilm 1,570,465.
113. The Salt Lake Tribune, Salt Lake City, Utah, Tuesday, 12 November 1895, p. 4; The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Brooklyn, New York, Saturday, 19 October 1895, p. 10 and Thursday, 1 October 1896, p. 4; The Tennessean, Nashville, Tennessee, Monday, 21 October 1895, p. 4; The San Francisco Call, San Francisco, California, Sunday, 10 November 1895, p. 23 and Sunday, 1 December 1895, p. 21.
114. The Buffalo Courier, Buffalo, New York, For the Week Ending, 9 February 1902, p.2.; The Morning Times, Washington, D.C., Tuesday, 12 March 1901, p. 5; The North American, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Monday, 25 September 1899, p. 9; Titusville Herald, Titusville, Pennsylvania, Saturday, 31 March 1900.
115. The Minneapolis Journal, Minneapolis, Minnesota, Saturday, 19 April 1902, p. 18.
116. The Evening World, New York City, Friday, 20 March 1891, p. 3.
117. The Sun, New York City, Friday, 20 March 1891, p. 8.
118. The World, New York City, Sunday, 25 February 1894, p. 38.